The Lost Colony of Roanoke

In 1587, 117 English colonists established a settlement on Roanoke Island in what is now North Carolina. When supply ships returned in 1590, the colonists had vanished completely. The only clue was the word “CROATOAN” carved on a post. Their fate remains America’s oldest mystery.

The Colony

The colonists were led by Governor John White. They included men, women, and children, among them Virginia Dare, the first English child born in the Americas. White departed for England to obtain supplies, expecting to return within months.

The Delay

War with Spain delayed White’s return until 1590. When he finally reached Roanoke, the settlement was abandoned. Buildings had been dismantled. Personal possessions were gone. There was no sign of violence.

The Clue

Carved on a post was “CROATOAN,” the name of a nearby island and the native people who lived there. White had arranged that if the colonists moved, they would leave a message. A cross would indicate they had left under duress.

Theories

The colonists may have integrated with the Croatoan people, moved to the mainland, succumbed to disease, been killed by hostile tribes, or attempted to sail home and been lost at sea. No definitive evidence has been found.

Modern Investigation

Archaeological digs continue to search for evidence. DNA testing of Lumbee tribe members, who have oral traditions of European ancestors, has been proposed. The mystery may yet be solved.

Assessment

The Lost Colony represents the first American mystery and one of history’s most complete disappearances. Whatever happened to those 117 men, women, and children remains unknown after over four centuries.